The Dark Web and Human Trafficking

PMC (2024). Investigating child sexual abuse material availability, searches, and users on the anonymous Tor network for a public health intervention strategy – PMC 

UNODC (2024). Successful strategies for addressing the use of technology to facilitate trafficking in persons and to prevent and investigate trafficking in persons.

PrivacySavy (2025). Dark Web Statistics for 2025: Key Trends and Threats

Camera Forensics (2025). A guide to AI-generated CSAM for investigators of online exploitation | CameraForensics 

Reid, J., Fox, B. (2020). Human Trafficking and the Darknet: Technology, Innovation, and Evolving Criminal Justice Strategies. In: Fox, B., Reid, J., Masys, A. (eds) Science Informed Policing. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer, Cham.

Interpol (2024). Inside INTERPOL’s probe into cyber-enabled human trafficking 

Euorpean Parliament (2022) Combating child sexual abuse online. 

ReDirection Project. Preventing online sexual violence against children by researching and rehailitating offenders. 

Collective Shout (2025). Turning Women and Girls into Porn. An analysis of 20 nudifyig, deepfake and virtual girlfriend apps.  

Stanford Internet Observatory (2023). Identifying and Eliminating CSAM in Generative ML Training Data and Models. 

Inhope (2024). Global CSAM Legislative Overview. 

IJM (2025), Crypto, The DarkNet, CSAM and Human Trafficking