What is Domestic Servitude

Author(s): IRC Anti-Trafficking Response
Date: 2025
Topic(s): Introduction to Human Trafficking

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References

OHCHR (2018). The unspoken servitude of women domestic workers | OHCHR

Human Trafficking for Domestic Servitude – Patterns of Coercion and Control and their Impact on Victims – May 2014

Mullally S. (2017). Migrant Domestic Workers and Continuums of Exploitation: Beyond the Limits of Antitrafficking Laws. AJIL Unbound. doi:10.1017/aju.2018.24

Rose, A. L., Howard, L. M., Zimmerman, C., & Oram, S. (2020). A Cross-sectional Comparison of the Mental Health of People Trafficked to the UK for Domestic Servitude, for Sexual Exploitation and for Labor Exploitation. Journal of Human Trafficking, 7(3), 258–267.

Rosana Garciandia (2023). Domestic Servitude and Diplomatic Immunity: The Decision of the UK Supreme Court in Basfar v Wong,  Industrial Law Journal.

The US State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (2017). Involuntary Domestic Servitude.

U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division (2020). Involuntary Servitude, Forced Labor, And Sex Trafficking Statutes Enforced.

Pierce (2023), The Invisible Workforce: Ending the exploitation of domestic workers once and for all, King’s College London

ILO (2011). C189 – Domestic Workers Convention, 2011.

West Yorkshire Police (2020), Domestic servitude

McKay (2017). Debt bondage, domestic servitude and indentured labour still a problem in the world’s richest nations.