More Resources
U.S. Department of State (2025). Understanding Human Trafficking.
Polaris (2025). Recognizing Labor Trafficking.
GRETA (2024). The 14th Report. GRETA. Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. Council of Europe.
UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000.
UNODC (2024). Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2024.
ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No.29).
ILO, IOM, Walk Free (2022). Global Estimates of Modern Slavery. Forced Labour and Forced Marriage.
ILO, ILO Monitor on the world of work. Ninth edition, 2022.
ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182).
The Counter-Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC) (2025).
ILO (2021). “What is Forced Labour, Modern Slavery and human trafficking?”
Piper, Segrave, Napier-Moore (2015). “Editorial: What’s in a Name? Distinguishing forced labour, trafficking and slavery,” Anti-Trafficking Review.
Kiss, Zimmerman (2019). Human trafficking and labor exploitation: Toward identifying, implementing, and evaluating effective responses. PLoS Med.
Cockbain, Bowers, Dimitrova (2018). Human trafficking for labour exploitation: the results of a two-phase systematic review mapping the European evidence base and synthesising key scientific research evidence. J Exp Criminol.
Dominguez, E. Y., Sandal, M. E., Pukalo, L. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2025). A Comprehensive Analysis of Labor Trafficking Cases in the United States: An 11-Year Review. Crime & Delinquency.