Smuggling vs. Trafficking

Author(s): IRC Anti-Trafficking Response
Date: 2025
Topic(s): Introduction to Human Trafficking

References

UNODC Observatory on Smuggling Migrants.

UNODC (2018). Global Study on Smuggling Migrants.

Protocol Against The Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing The United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (200).

ICAT (2021). What is the Difference between Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants?

Szablewska, N. (2022). Human smuggling and human trafficking. In S. Sayapin, R. Atadjanov, U. Kadam, G. Kemp, N. Zambrana-Tévar, & N. Quénivet (Eds.), International conflict and security law. T.M.C. Asser Press.

Parliamentary Assembly of The Mediterranean (2024). Trafficking in Human Beings & Smuggling of Migrants. Need to differentiate to tackle both efficiently.